Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912, oil on canvas

Motion can expand a work of art beyond three dimensions by including time in the work. Artists have used motion, implied motion, or the illusion of motion to expand a viewer’s experience. The Futurists, a group of Italian artists active around World War I, reasoned that the industrial age would bring an explosion of movement to modern society and expressed their ideas in their work.